Unequal Scenes - Seattle / Portland

Homelessness in the United States has reached near-record levels, with about 771,000 people counted on a single night in HUD's January 2025 tally, as rents outpace wages and shelter falls short. Cities have reached for stopgaps. This is one of Seattle's: a sanctioned "tiny house village" in Interbay, an industrial strip wedged between the wealthy neighborhoods of Magnolia and Queen Anne. Rather than simply sweeping people from the streets, the city permits organized encampments where residents live in small wooden shelters or tents, with security and case workers on hand.

Seattle is a city on a massive upswing. Far from its former stereotype of laid-back slackers in flannel coats, the typical Seattleite is highly educated, likely born elsewhere, and much, much wealthier than in the past. This is good news for the region's economy - job and property markets continue to grow at a red-hot pace, thanks mainly to Amazon (who announced their move to South Lake Union in 2007 and relocated in 2010, spurring a technology boom). But it's bad news for those who need affordable housing, which is in drastically short supply, "And that’s only if the annual rate of people becoming homeless doesn’t increase", writes the Seattle Times.

Seattle's homelessness problem was officially declared a crisis by Mayor Ed Murray in 2015, and it's a common topic (more like a common rant) around dinner tables. You see it everywhere, but especially while driving on the main interstate, I-5, in or out of town - the medians, bridges, and sidewalks are full of brightly colored tents. Many people associate homelessness with drug or alcohol abuse, or as a kind of benign urban nuisance. But the reasons are more complex.

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Explore other cities dealing with homelessness and racist city planning such as San Francisco and Los Angeles and Minneapolis.

Inequality Data created by the World Inequality Database.

Large homeless camps dot the city, including next to Seattle's most famous monuments. In this picture you can see the Space Needle, the Museum of Pop Culture, and the Climate Pledge Arena (newly redesigned at a cost of over $1B). In the foreground sits the headquarters of the Gates Foundation (the world's largest philanthropy). In the other direction (out of frame) is the headquarters for Amazon, one of the world's most valuable companies.

Homeless camps like this are generally tolerated in the city. The topic has sparked much debate between citizens, homeowners, and businesses.

One of the many tent cities that has been sanctioned to help deal with the homeless crisis, in Ballard, a wealthy neighborhood of Seattle.

The Alaskan Way Viaduct, days before this encampment was removed by authorities. On the pillars was a notice from the city, telling residents to vacate or face fines. Hundreds of people live underneath Seattle's roadways, a roof from the notoriously wet weather.

The Puget Sound Business Journal writes "Homelessness is rooted in the shortcomings of other systems, such as the foster care system, the federal government’s policies related to the creation and retention of affordable housing, and incarceration, mental illness, drug addiction and health crises." Seattle needs more than $410 million annually in order to build enough affordable housing units to solve the homelessness problem, yet the age-old debate between spending on social services and economic growth is in full swing, putting Seattle's cherished progressive credentials to the test.

In an unconventional move, the city has decided to tacitly accept the solution of semi-sanctioned "tent cities" where the homeless can build mini-homes, pitch tents, and park their vehicles without fear of arrest or harassment. This has created a patchwork of strange, blue tarped-roof homes in some of Seattle's wealthiest neighborhoods that provoke a discomfiting resemblance to refugee settlements. Will these tent cities last? They operate on a short-term lease basis which the city must renew, a process which leaves empty lots behind, a few scraps of rubbish, and nonplussed residents, happy to see their impoverished neighbors leave.

Two of Portland's "C3PO" camps for people experiencing homelessness sit in adjacent lots next to I-5. The communities were set up at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and give priority to the LGBTQI+ and BIPOC communities.

Blue roofs on a tiny home village in Ballard resemble the blue tarps in Mumbai.

A "tiny home" village on Lake Union, this one near downtown Seattle.

Interbay Village, a city-permitted "tiny home" village in the shadow of the Magnolia Bridge in Seattle.

City officials, police, and the homeless are constantly playing whack-a-mole with tent camps. When one is shut down, another springs up.

In Portland, homelessness has both grown and become a highly visible civic fault line. Amid rising housing costs and limited shelter capacity, more people are camping unsheltered, and many of them are dealing with addiction or mental-health issues.

The pandemic amplified the pressure: COVID-19 disrupted services, slowed housing placements and increased joblessness, which in turn fed into the layered crisis of unsheltered people and tent encampments. At the same time, public safety and livability concerns surged among residents.

Politically, Portland’s progressive identity has come under strain. During Trump's first term, the city was repeatedly portrayed by the former president as lawless or “war-ravaged,” especially around protests and encampments. That rhetoric inflamed tensions and framed homelessness through a criminal-justice/public-order lens rather than strictly a housing or public-health lens, and led to the election of a "law-and-order" mayor in 2022 who campaigned to back the police to "clean up" Portland.

After just three years, in 2024, voters elected Keith Wilson as a progressive mayor on a platform of ending unsheltered homelessness within a year, expanding emergency shelters and restoring “livability", a compromise position "of compassion".

A "tiny home village" in North Seattle.

This unsanctioned grouping of tents on city-owned park land in North Seattle and next to a local school, has residents angry.

Beyond homelessness, Seattle was once a highly segregated city with an aim to preserve racial purity through a series of restrictive covenants, informal and formal lending practices governed by the racist FHA "redlining" guidelines, and normative attitudes. Only in 1968 did these covenants become illegal. Seattle has since become known for progressive politics, but racial tensions remain. The Pacific Northwest - including Washington, Oregon, Idaho and western Montana - is still known as a hotbed for neo-nazi ideology.

You can find the full suite of digitized redlining maps here.

You can find more information about Seattle racist housing covenants here.

Oftentimes, "tiny home" villages aren't easily visible from the street, like this one along Highway 99 in North Seattle.

Tent camps alongside Lake City Way, near Lake Washington.

"The Jungle", a famous strip of land underneath and alongside I-5, was once home to hundreds of homeless people.

Tents along US-30 in Portland.

Homeless encampments are found under many bridges in Portland, especially near downtown.

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